Protein evolution is the study of how proteins have evolved over time through processes such as mutation, genetic recombination, and natural selection. This field of research seeks to understand how changes in protein structure and function have contributed to the diversity of life on Earth. By examining the similarities and differences between proteins in different species, researchers can gain insights into the evolutionary relationships between organisms and the mechanisms by which new proteins and functions arise. This area of study is important for understanding the basic principles of evolution and for applications in fields such as biotechnology, medicine, and agriculture.